مَعَ(Ma’a: With, When,While) is not one of the Jarr (Genitive) letters (حُرُوف اَلْجَرّ ) and for her there are three ‘Irab:

1. If followed by place it becomes Adverb of place
2. if followed by time it becomes Adverb of time
3. If given Nunation (مَعًا) then it becomes Circumstantial (حال) e.g. while

Examples

Adverb of time: جِئتُ مَعَ الفَجْرِ(I came when dawn)

مَعَ(Ma’a) is in state of Nasb(Accusative) or Mansub and the sign of it being explicit ending Fat-ha .

The ‘Ism(Noun) that follows Adverbial  مَعَ(Ma’a) is Mudhaf ‘Ilaih (Annexed to) and Majrur(Genitive) and the sign for it the ending Kasra.

Adverb of place: جِئتُ مَعَ مُحَمَّدٍ(I came with Muhammad in a particular place)

مَعَ(Ma’a) is in state of Nasb(Accusative) or Mansub and the sign of it being explicit ending Fat-ha .

The ‘Ism(Noun) that follows Adverbial  مَعَ(Ma’a) is Mudhaf ‘Ilaih (Annexed to) and Majrur(Genitive) and the sign for it the ending Kasra.

Nunation: جِئنا مَعًا(we came while together)

مَعَ(Ma’a) is in state of Nasb(Accusative) or Mansub and the sign of it being explicit ending Fat-ha .

In this case it is neither Adverbial of time nor space and therefore it is Circumstantial (حال).

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